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citizenry who live 15,000 years ago in what is now Israel feasted onsnakesandlizards , archaeologist have discovered .
Prior excavations in the Levant , a geographical part that historically includedIsrael , Palestine , Lebanon , and portion of Syria and Jordan , unearth thousands of bones belonging to lizards and Snake River . Animal bones are usually find where ancient the great unwashed once endure if the animals were being eaten . But it was unknown if lizard and snakes were part of the human dieting or if their bone were left behind by other predators .
Reptile vertebrae found at el-Wad Terrace cave in Israel.
By experiment on the bones of modern squamates — the group that includes lizards and snake — researcher developed ocular references for unlike type of surface harm , such as erosion , combustion or digestion by birds of quarry . When the scientists compared these patterns to damage in squamate bones from the el - Wad Terrace , a cave site near Israel ’s Mount Carmel that was occupied by humans between 11,500 and 15,000 year ago , they determine that many of the ancient bones there had been use up by people .
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Human communities in the Levant at this time were known as Natufian . They were primarily Hunter and foragers and are considered the first non - nomadic society ; the semi - sedentary drug abuse of Natufian culture were probable a precursor to humans settling down and becoming farmers .
Excavation in the el-Wad cave uncovered a surprising number of squamate bones.
At the el - Wad Terrace small town , the site was densely layer with animal remains , of which " a high percentage " belonged to lizards and snake , the researchers report in a Modern study , published online June 10 in the journalScientific Reports .
The quantity of squamate osseous tissue at the site was astonishing ; that alone hinted at human consumption as a possible explanation , pronounce lead study author Ma’ayan Lev , a doctorial candidate in archeology at the University of Haifa in Israel .
" I have worked on various zooarchaeological assemblages and have not encountered such with child numbers before , " Lev tell apart Live Science in an email .
The legless European glass lizard (Pseudopus apodus)was likely a part of the ancient human diet.
Thousands of bones
near 3,000 squamate stiff — mostly vertebrae — were collected at el - Wad , making up about 33 % of all the animal remain at the site . The most common squamate mintage was the legless European chicken feed lizard ( Pseudopus apodus ) , pursue by the large whiplash Snake River ( Dolichophis jugularis ) the easterly Montpellier Snake River ( Malpolon insignitus ) and the commonviper(Daboia palaestinae ) .
When archaeologists examine animal castanets , they look for sure telling mark that bespeak the animals had been butchered and eat by humans . Detecting such evidence in the small castanets of snakes and lounge lizard is difficult , and other types of terms such as erosion can make those marks even harder to spot , according to the written report .
To more accurately render the unlike types of harm affecting bones at el - Wad , the investigator conducted " weathering experimentation " where they observed how modern osseous tissue were damaged through digestion by birds of prey ; endure from erosion ; glow and trample .
These experiments enabled the scientists to observe how weathering changes the surface of squamate osseous tissue . It also helped them to spot digestion marks " even when overlapping processes such as weathering and erosion by deposit occurred , " Lev explain .
" The most surprising find was the carnage stigma on several declamatory whip snake vertebrae , " which appeared in indistinguishable location on unlike bones and even on the same side of the bone , Lev said in the electronic mail .
In addition to turn off mug , most of the bones from large party whip snakes and chalk lizards bear witness no signboard of being digested by bird of prey , and " were most probably consumed by the dweller of the site , " the study authors write . Other squamate specie — " mostly the easterly Montpellier snake , the viper , and low lizard and snake " — likely fall prey to raptor or died course , according to the subject .
This discovery supply valuable clues about eating habits in the Levant ’s Natufian culture , as world adapted to more agricultural lifestyles , Lev told Live Science .
" We hope that this field of study will shed lighting on the importance of squamate remains in the Natufian , and will allow a creature to discern between cultural and natural squamate accumulation in other zooarchaeological Natufian study , " Lev said .
Originally publish onLive Science .
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